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torsdag 5 april 2018

TRIM38 (Kr.6p22.2), RNF15, RORET (Alaryhmä CIV, PRY/SPRY) Luonnollisen immuunivasteen söötely

Tällä  TRIM38 geenillä on muita nimiäkin RNF15 , Zinc finger protein RoRet, ja RORET. (Ro/SSA Ribonucleoprotein homolog) Kromosomisijainti on tarkistettu. Ennen oli tieto 6p21.3 ja nyt 6p22.2. Rakenne on C IV alaryhmää: RING, B-box tyyppi   Zn finger ja SPRY domeeni. Tämän proteiinin funktiota ei ole tunnistettu PubMed tiedon mkaan , mutta uusia tutkimuksia on siitä tehty.  Tämän geenin pseudogeeni on kr. 4.:n pitkässä haarassa. TRIM38 geeniä ilmenee pernassa, imusolmukkeessa ja 24 muussa kudoksessa.
  • RNF15; RORET Summary.This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The encoded protein contains a RING-type zinc finger, B box-type zinc finger and SPRY domain. The function of this protein has not been identified. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012] Expression: Ubiquitous expression in spleen (RPKM 9.0), lymph node (RPKM 8.4) and 24 other tissues See more
Katson, mitä tietoa saa kokoon ja koetan  selvittää  tutkimuksista  funktion hahmoa,   vahva osallistuja luonollisessa immuniteetissa ainakin.
      • Related articles in PubMed

  1. Enterovirus 71 induces degradation of TRIM38, a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase. Liu X, et al. Virol J, 2011 Feb 10. PMID 21306652, Free PMC Article .. (Suomennosta) TRIM38 funktiot ovat suureksi osaksi tuntemattomia. Tässä tutkijat selvittivät, että se sijaitsee sytoplasmassa ja lisää soluproteiinien ubikitinoitumista ja katalysoi autoubikitinaatiota. Se edistää myös K63- ja K48-välitteistä soluproteiinien ubikitinaatiota. Intakti RING- domeeni on sen funktioille tärkeä. Lisätieto: Enterovirus 71 infektio indusoi TRIM38 proteiinin hajomisen tämän virusinfektion aikana. Nämä havainnot viittaisivat luonnollisen immuniteetin signaalitgeihin.
  • TRIM38 is a member of the TRIM protein family, which we studied in more detail here as its functions are largely unknown. Our study shows that, similar to other TRIM family members, TRIM38 is localized in the cytoplasm. TRIM38 increases ubiquitination of other cellular proteins and catalyzes self-ubiquitination. TRIM38 also promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins. An intact RING domain is important for the functions of TRIM38. In addition, enterovirus 71 infection induces TRIM38 degradation.Our observations demonstrate that TRIM38 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and can be degraded during virus infection. These findings may provide insight into innate immune signaling pathways
    2. [Identification A novel protein TRIM38 that activate NF-kappaB signaling pathways]. Liu XL, et al. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi, 2011 Feb. PMID 21789858 .(Suomennosta) Tutkijat halusivat tietää, vaikuttaako TRIM38 NF-kB-signaalitiehen ja tulivat johtopäätökseen, että TRIM38 voi aktivoida NF-kB-signaloinititien ja tässä ei vaikuta SPRYdomaanin deleetiokaan..
  • TRIM38 could activate NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The mutants of TRIM38 affected the function of TRIM38. Only the mutant of SPRY domain deletion had no obviously influence of the function of TRIM38. Our study reveals that NF-kappaB is activated in response to TRIM38.
    (Suomennosta: NLRP6 on tunnettu negatiivinen säätelijä suolistotulehduksissa ja tumorigeneesissä, ja sen mRNA ja proteiini ovat heikentyneet nivelreumassa. Myos proinflammatoristen sytokiinien tuotto ja NFkB aktivaatio olivat heikentyneet RA-FLS soluissa (fibroblastin kaltaisissa synoviosyyteissä nivelreumassa) . Tässä tutkimuksessa on selvitetty TRIM38 osuutta . NLRP6 näyttää toimivan alustana TRIM38 ja TAB2/3 interaktiolle. NLRP6 yliexpressoituminen edistää TAB2/3 välitteistä lysosomaalisen degradaation tietä.

    4. TRIM38 negatively regulates TLR3-mediated IFN-β signaling by targeting TRIF for degradation. Xue Q, et al. PLoS One, 2012. PMID 23056470, Free PMC Article (Suomennosta. Patogeenien voittamisessa Tollin kaltaisilla reseptoreilla on immuunivasteessa erittäin tärkeä merkitys. TRIM-proteiinit taas ovat osallistumassa lukuisiin biologisiin ja fysiologisiin prosesseihin. Jotkut TRIMperheen jäsenet ovat tärkeitä luonnollisen immuniteetin säätelijöitä. On kyllä osoitettu, että TRIM38 säätelee negatiivisesti luonnollista immuniteettia, mutta millä mekanismeilla, se taas  on ollut osin ratkaisematta. Tässä tutkimuksessa osoitetaan, että TRIM38 säätelee negatiivisesti TLR3- reseptorivälitteistä 1-tyypin interferonin signalointia kohdentamalla TIR-domaanin sisältävään adaptoriin, joka indusoi IFN-betaa (TRIF). Jos TRIM38 on ylimäärissä , se estää TLR-3 välitteisen 1-tyypin interferonin signaloinnin. TRIM38- poistogeenisyys taas palauttaa vaikutuksen. Edelleen tutkijat osoittivat, että TRIM38 kohdentuu TRIF- proteiiniin, joka on kriittinen adaptori TLR3 signaloinnin alavirrassa. TRIF ja TRIM38 immunosaostuvat yhdessä Ja TRIM38 proteiinin PRYSPRY domeeni tekee interaktion TRIF- proteiinin N-terminaalin kanssa. Jos TRIM38 ilmenee ylimäärissä se vaikuttaa että TRIF-yliexpressio ja endogeenisen TRIF:in määrä vähenevät. MG132 käsitelyllä tämä vaikutus poistuu. Lisäksi TRIM38 proteiinin RING/Bbox domaani on tärkeä TRIF-proteiinin K48- polyubikitinaatiossa ja proteosomihajoitukseen ohjaamisessa. Yhteenvetona: TRIM38 toimii uutena negatiivisena säätelijänä TlR3 välitteiselle INF-1 signaloinnille kohdentamalla TRIF- proteiinin proteosomisilppuriin.
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediated immune response is crucial for combating pathogens and must be tightly controlled. Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a family of proteins that is involved in a variety of biological and physiological processes. Some members of the TRIM family are important in the regulation of innate immunity. Although it has been shown that TRIM38 negatively regulates innate immunity, the mechanisms by which it does so have not been fully addressed. In this study, we demonstrated that TRIM38 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated type I interferon signaling by targeting TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF). We found that overexpression of TRIM38 inhibits TLR3-mediated type I interferon signaling, whereas knockdown of TRIM38 has the reverse effects. We further showed that TRIM38 targets TRIF, a critical adaptor protein downstream of TLR3. TRIF is co-immunoprecipitated with TRIM38, and domain mapping experiments show that PRYSPRY of TRIM38 interacts with the N-terminus of TRIF. Overexpression of TRIM38 decreased expression of overexpressed and endogenous TRIF. This effect could be inhibited by MG132 treatment. Furthermore, the RING/B-box domain of TRIM38 is critical for K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TRIF. Collectively, our results suggest that TRIM38 may act as a novel negative regulator for TLR3-mediated type I interferon signaling by targeting TRIF for degradation.
    5. E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif 38 negatively regulates TLR-mediated immune responses by proteasomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 in macrophages. Zhao W, et al. J Immunol, 2012 Mar 15. PMID 22323536 (Suomennosta: Tollin reseptorivälitteisen (TLR) signaloinnin aktivaatio luonnollisen immuunivasteen soluissa on kriittinen seikka, jotta keho pystyy eliminoimaan invasoituvia mikro-organismeja. Mutta toisaalta: kontrolloimaton aktivaatio saattaa johtaa autoimmuuni- ja tulehdustauteihin. Tässä artikkelin työssä raportoidaan TRIM38 proteiinista, joka on tunnistettu TLR-signaloinnin negatiivisena takaisinsyöttösäätelijänä  siten että se kohdentaa TRAF6 tekijään (Tuumorinekroosifaktori reseptori 6) . TRIM38 indudoituu makrofagisoluissa TLR-stimulaatiosta NF-kB-riippuvaisella tavalla. Jos TRIM38 geenin ilmenemä poistetaan (siRNA tekniikalla) vahvistuu NF-kB aktivaatio ja MAPK signaalitie, proinflammatoristen sytokiinien lisääntynyt ilmenemä. Jos taas TRIM38 geeni-ilmenemä vahvistetaan, vaikutus oli päinvastainen. E3 ubikitiiniligaasina TRIM38 sitoutuu TRAF6-proteiiniin ja edistää sen sen K48-polyubikitinoitumista ( mikä johtaa TRAF6:n proteiinisilppuriin hajoamaan) . Johdonmukaisesti TRIM38 poistogeenisyys tuottaa  TRAF6:n korkeita pitoisuuksia primäärisissä makrofageissa. Nämä löydöt määrittelevät uuden funktion TRIM38 : se estää liiallaista TLR-välitteistä tulehduksellista vastetta johtamalla TRAF6:n proteosomaaliseen hajoitukseen ( proteosomisilppuriin). 
  •  Activation of TLR signaling in the innate immune cells is critical for the elimination of invading microorganisms. However, uncontrolled activation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this article, we report the identification of tripartite motif (TRIM) 38 as a negative feedback regulator in TLR signaling by targeting TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). TRIM38 was induced by TLR stimulation in an NF-κB-dependent manner in macrophages. Knockdown of TRIM38 expression by small interfering RNA resulted in augmented activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, and enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas overexpression of TRIM38 has an opposite effect. As an E3 ligase, TRIM38 bound to TRAF6 and promoted K48-linked polyubiquitination, which led to the proteasomal degradation of TRAF6. Consistently, knockdown of TRIM38 expression resulted in higher protein level of TRAF6 in primary macrophages. Our findings defined a novel function for TRIM38 to prevent excessive TLR-induced inflammatory responses through proteasomal degradation of TRAF6.
See all (27) citations in PubMed
 
Rakenteesta lisätietoja: Nimet
Names
RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase TRIM38
Ro/SSA ribonucleoprotein homolog
ring finger protein 15
tripartite motif-containing protein 38
zinc finger protein RoRet
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_006346.1
LOCUS       NP_006346                465 aa            linear   PRI 11-FEB-2018
DEFINITION  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM38 [Homo sapiens].
ACCESSION   NP_006346
VERSION     NP_006346.1
DBSOURCE    REFSEQ: accession NM_006355.4
KEYWORDS    RefSeq.
SOURCE      Homo sapiens (human)
  ORGANISM  Homo sapiens
            Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi;
            Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini;
            Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.
REFERENCE   1  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Lin Y and Luo Z.
  TITLE     NLRP6 facilitates the interaction between TAB2/3 and TRIM38 in
            rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
  JOURNAL   FEBS Lett. 591 (8), 1141-1149 (2017)
   PUBMED   28295271
  REMARK    GeneRIF: Data suggest that mRNA/protein levels of NLRP6 are
            down-regulated in synovial tissues and synoviocytes of rheumatoid
            arthritis (RA) patients compared to osteoarthritis patients; NLRP6
            provides docking site to facilitate interaction between TAB2/3 and
            TRIM38 in RA synoviocytes in response to TNFalpha. (NLRP6 = ;
            TAB2/3 = transforming growth factor-b-activated kinase 1-binding
            protein 2/3; TRIM38 = tripartite motif 38)
REFERENCE   2  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Zhong Q, Pevzner SJ, Hao T, Wang Y, Mosca R, Menche J, Taipale M,
            Tasan M, Fan C, Yang X, Haley P, Murray RR, Mer F, Gebreab F, Tam
            S, MacWilliams A, Dricot A, Reichert P, Santhanam B, Ghamsari L,
            Calderwood MA, Rolland T, Charloteaux B, Lindquist S, Barabasi AL,
            Hill DE, Aloy P, Cusick ME, Xia Y, Roth FP and Vidal M.
  TITLE     An inter-species protein-protein interaction network across vast
            evolutionary distance
  JOURNAL   Mol. Syst. Biol. 12 (4), 865 (2016)
   PUBMED   27107014
  REMARK    Publication Status: Online-Only
REFERENCE   3  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Sahni N, Yi S, Taipale M, Fuxman Bass JI, Coulombe-Huntington J,
            Yang F, Peng J, Weile J, Karras GI, Wang Y, Kovacs IA, Kamburov A,
            Krykbaeva I, Lam MH, Tucker G, Khurana V, Sharma A, Liu YY, Yachie
            N, Zhong Q, Shen Y, Palagi A, San-Miguel A, Fan C, Balcha D, Dricot
            A, Jordan DM, Walsh JM, Shah AA, Yang X, Stoyanova AK, Leighton A,
            Calderwood MA, Jacob Y, Cusick ME, Salehi-Ashtiani K, Whitesell LJ,
            Sunyaev S, Berger B, Barabasi AL, Charloteaux B, Hill DE, Hao T,
            Roth FP, Xia Y, Walhout AJM, Lindquist S and Vidal M.
  TITLE     Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human
            genetic disorders
  JOURNAL   Cell 161 (3), 647-660 (2015)
   PUBMED   25910212
REFERENCE   4  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Uchil PD, Hinz A, Siegel S, Coenen-Stass A, Pertel T, Luban J and
            Mothes W.
  TITLE     TRIM protein-mediated regulation of inflammatory and innate immune
            signaling and its association with antiretroviral activity
  JOURNAL   J. Virol. 87 (1), 257-272 (2013)
   PUBMED   23077300
REFERENCE   5  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Xue Q, Zhou Z, Lei X, Liu X, He B, Wang J and Hung T.
  TITLE     TRIM38 negatively regulates TLR3-mediated IFN-beta signaling by
            targeting TRIF for degradation
  JOURNAL   PLoS ONE 7 (10), e46825 (2012)
   PUBMED   23056470
  REMARK    GeneRIF: TRIM38 may act as a novel negative regulator for
            TLR3-mediated type I interferon signaling by targeting TRIF for
            degradation
REFERENCE   6  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Uchil PD, Quinlan BD, Chan WT, Luna JM and Mothes W.
  TITLE     TRIM E3 ligases interfere with early and late stages of the
            retroviral life cycle
  JOURNAL   PLoS Pathog. 4 (2), e16 (2008)
   PUBMED   18248090
REFERENCE   7  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G, Muramatsu S, Matsuzaki O, Nagano Y,
            Doi T, Shimotohno K, Harada T, Nishida E, Hayashi H and Sugano S.
  TITLE     Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that
            activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways
  JOURNAL   Oncogene 22 (21), 3307-3318 (2003)
   PUBMED   12761501
REFERENCE   8  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Chen D, Li X, Zhai Z and Shu HB.
  TITLE     A novel zinc finger protein interacts with receptor-interacting
            protein (RIP) and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and
            IL1-induced NF-kappa B activation
  JOURNAL   J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18), 15985-15991 (2002)
   PUBMED   11854271
REFERENCE   9  (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L,
            Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci
            S, Pelicci PG and Ballabio A.
  TITLE     The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments
  JOURNAL   EMBO J. 20 (9), 2140-2151 (2001)
   PUBMED   11331580
REFERENCE   10 (residues 1 to 465)
  AUTHORS   Ruddy DA, Kronmal GS, Lee VK, Mintier GA, Quintana L, Domingo R Jr,
            Meyer NC, Irrinki A, McClelland EE, Fullan A, Mapa FA, Moore T,
            Thomas W, Loeb DB, Harmon C, Tsuchihashi Z, Wolff RK, Schatzman RC
            and Feder JN.
  TITLE     A 1.1-Mb transcript map of the hereditary hemochromatosis locus
  JOURNAL   Genome Res. 7 (5), 441-456 (1997)
   PUBMED   9149941
COMMENT     REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The
            reference sequence was derived from DA603151.1, AK313248.1,
            U91328.1 and KC877159.1.
            
            Summary: This gene encodes a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM)
            family. The encoded protein contains a RING-type zinc finger, B
            box-type zinc finger and SPRY domain. The function of this protein
            has not been identified. A pseudogene of this gene is located on
            the long arm of chromosome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012].
            
            Sequence Note: This RefSeq record was created from transcript and
            genomic sequence data to make the sequence consistent with the
            reference genome assembly. The genomic coordinates used for the
            transcript record were based on transcript alignments.
            
            Publication Note:  This RefSeq record includes a subset of the
            publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene
            record to access additional publications.
            
            ##Evidence-Data-START##
            Transcript exon combination :: SRR1803615.184496.1,
                                           SRR1803614.214222.1 [ECO:0000332]
            RNAseq introns              :: single sample supports all introns
                                           SAMEA1965299, SAMEA1966682
                                           [ECO:0000348]
            ##Evidence-Data-END##
FEATURES             Location/Qualifiers
     source          1..465
                     /organism="Homo sapiens"
                     /db_xref="taxon:9606"
                     /chromosome="6"
                     /map="6p22.2"
     Protein         1..465
                     /product="E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM38"
                     /EC_number="2.3.2.27"
                     /note="Ro/SSA ribonucleoprotein homolog; ring finger
                     protein 15; tripartite motif-containing protein 38; zinc
                     finger protein RoRet; RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase
                     TRIM38"
                     /calculated_mol_wt=53285
     Region          13..63
                     /region_name="RING-HC_TRIM38_C-IV"
                     /note="RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite
                     motif-containing protein 38 (TRIM38) and similar proteins;
                     cd16600"
                     /db_xref="CDD:319514"
     Region          16..62
                     /region_name="RING-HC finger (C3HC4-type)"
                     /note="RING-HC finger (C3HC4-type) [structural motif]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:319514"
     Site            order(16,19,31,33,36,39,59,62)
                     /site_type="other"
                     /note="Zn binding site [ion binding]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:319514"
     Site            70
                     /site_type="phosphorylation"
                     /experiment="experimental evidence, no additional details
                     recorded"
                     /note="Phosphoserine. {ECO:0000244|PubMed:24275569};
                     propagated from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (O00635.1)"
     Region          88..129
                     /region_name="BBOX"
                     /note="B-Box-type zinc finger; smart00336"
                     /db_xref="CDD:197662"
     Site            order(93,96,115,121)
                     /site_type="other"
                     /note="Zn2+ binding site [ion binding]"
                     /db_xref="CDD:237988"
     Region          280..461
                     /region_name="SPRY_PRY_TRIM38"
                     /note="PRY/SPRY domain of tripartite motif-binding protein
                     38 (TRIM38), also known as Ring finger protein 15 (RNF15);
                     cd15815"
                     /db_xref="CDD:293987"
     CDS             1..465
                     /gene="TRIM38"
                     /gene_synonym="RNF15; RORET"
                     /coded_by="NM_006355.4:590..1987"
                     /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS4568.1"
                     /db_xref="GeneID:10475"
                     /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:10059"
ORIGIN      
        1 masttstkkm meeatcsicl slmtnpvsin cghsychlci tdffknpsqk qlrqetfccp
       61 qcrapfhmds lrpnkqlgsl iealketdqe msceehgeqf hlfcedegql icwrcerapq
      121 hkghttalve dvcqgykekl qkavtklkql edrcteqkls tamritkwke kvqiqrqkir
      181 sdfknlqcfl heeeksylwr lekeeqqtls rlrdyeaglg lksnelkshi leleekcqgs
      241 aqkllqnvnd tlsrswavkl etseavslel htmcnvskly fdvkkmlrsh qvsvtldpdt
      301 ahhelilsed rrqvtrgytq enqdtssrrf tafpcvlgce gftsgrryfe vdvgegtgwd
      361 lgvcmenvqr gtgmkqepqs gfwtlrlckk kgyvaltspp tslhlheqpl lvgifldyea
      421 gvvsfyngnt gchiftfpka sfsdtlrpyf qvyqysplfl pppgd
//
Muistiin 5.4. 2018

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