Chitolectin domain- - pohdittavaksi antimikrobivaikutuksen vuoksi YKL-39

cd02872: GH18_chitolectin,_chitotriosidase https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1117

This conserved domain family includes a large number of catalytically inactive chitinase-like lectins (chitolectins) including

• YKL-39, 
• YKL-40 (HCGP39), 
• YM1, oviductin, and 
• AMCase (acidic mammalian chitinase),
•  as well as catalytically active chitotriosidases.

 The conserved domain is an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel fold belonging to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases. The fold has a pronounced active-site cleft at the C-terminal end of the beta-barrel. The chitolectins lack a key active site glutamate (the proton donor required for hydrolytic activity) but retain highly conserved residues involved in oligosaccharide binding.
 Chitotriosidase is a chitinolytic enzyme expressed in maturing macrophages, which suggests that it plays a part in antimicrobial defense.
 Chitotriosidase hydrolyzes chitotriose, as well as colloidal chitin to yield chitobiose and is therefore considered an exochitinase. Chitotriosidase occurs in two major forms, the large form being converted to the small form by either RNA or post-translational processing. Although the small form, containing the chitinase domain alone, is sufficient for the chitinolytic activity, the additional C-terminal chitin-binding domain of the large form plays a role in processing colloidal chitin.

 The chitotriosidase gene is nonessential in humans, as about 35% of the population are heterozygous and 6% homozygous for an inactivated form of the gene.

 HCGP39 is a 39-kDa human cartilage glycoprotein thought to play a role


 Katson hieman näitä  peptideitä:
(1)  YKL-39, CHI3K2, (1p13.2)

Also known as

CHIL2; YKL39; YKL-39

Summary

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to bacterial chitinases but lacks chitinase activity. The encoded protein is secreted and is involved in cartilage biogenesis. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

Expression

Biased expression in appendix (RPKM 55.9), salivary gland (RPKM 27.1) and 11 other tissues See more

Orthologs  all

Preferred Names

chitinase-3-like protein 2

Names

chondrocyte protein 39

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd02872
Location:19 → 377

GH18_chitolectin_chitotriosidase; This conserved domain family includes a large number of catalytically inactive chitinase-like lectins (chitolectins) including YKL-39, YKL-40 (HCGP39), YM1, oviductin, and AMCase (acidic mammalian chitinase), as well as catalytically active ...

smart00636
Location:18 → 355

Glyco_18; Glyco_18 domain

Related articles in PubMed

1. Structural and thermodynamic insights into chitooligosaccharide binding to human cartilage chitinase 3-like protein 2 (CHI3L2 or YKL-39). Ranok A, et al. J Biol Chem, 2015 Jan 30. PMID 25477513, Free PMC Article
2. Human YKL39 (chitinase 3-like protein 2), an osteoarthritis-associated gene, enhances proliferation and type II collagen expression in ATDC5 cells. Miyatake K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2013 Feb 1. PMID 23291184
3. Human YKL-39 is a pseudo-chitinase with retained chitooligosaccharide-binding properties. Schimpl M, et al. Biochem J, 2012 Aug 15. PMID 22742450, Free PMC Article
4. Isolation and sequence of a novel human chondrocyte protein related to mammalian members of the chitinase protein family. Hu B, et al. J Biol Chem, 1996 Aug 9. PMID 8702629
5. CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 overexpression in motor cortex and spinal cord of sALS patients. Sanfilippo C, et al. Mol Cell Neurosci, 2017 Dec. PMID 28989002

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

1. This study suggests that CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 are associated with the progression of neurodegeneration in motor cortex and spinal cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients.
2. This study shown that CHI3L2 is regulated differently in healthy and late onset Alzheimer"s disease brain depending on the sex.
3. This review comprehensively analyzes recent data about expression pattern, and involvement of human YKL-40, YKL-39 and SI-CLP in cancer. [review]
4. cerebrospinal fluid CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 and serum CHI3L1 might help to define multiple sclerosis disease stage
5. Structural analysis demonstrates that YKL-39 interacts with chitooligosaccharides through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that binding of chitooligosaccharide to YKL-39 is mainly driven by enthalpy.
6. These data suggest that hYKL-39 is a novel growth and differentiation factor involved in cartilage homeostasis.
7. YKL-39 possesses a chitinase-like fold, but lacks key active-site residues required for catalysis.
8. ERK1/2 phosphorylation by CHI3L2 inhibits cell mitogenesis and proliferation.
9. Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator)
10. human chitinase 3-like 2 gene (YKL-39) but not chitinase 3-like 1 gene (YKL-40) is upregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage

 Isoform a
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NP_003991.2

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The name  YKL-39: ( 39 leusins, , many tyrosins, Y and lysins, K).