https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X18307356?via%3Dihub
RESISTIINI säätää ylös ihmisen henkitysepiteelisoluissa MUC5AC/B geenin.
Resistin upregulates MUC5AC/B mucin gene expression in human airway epithelial cells SoyoungKwakYong-DaeKim et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.206(Suomennosta) Adipokiinit ovat proteiiniryhmä, johon kuuluu leptiini, visfatiini, resistiini ja adiponektiinia. Ne tuottuvat adiposyyteistä (rasvakudossoluista) . Adiposyyteissä resistiinin katsotaan osallistuvan insuliiniresistenssin ja tulehduksen modulaatioon. Mukusliman hypersekreetio (liiallinen eritys) on suuresti linkkiytynyt ilmatietauteihin kuten astmaan , krooniseen obstruktiiviseen keuhkosairauteen ja rinosinuiittiin. On kasvavaa näyttöä adipokiinien kuten leptiinin ja visfatiinin säätelyllisestä osuudesta erilaisiin biologisiin prosesseihin, joita mukus-liman eritykseen kuuluu. Kuitenkaan ei ole aiemmin selvitetty resistiinin vaikutuksia musiini-ilmenemään hengitysteiden epiteelisoluissa, ei myöskään taustalla olevia mekanismeja.
- Adipokines, a group of proteins including leptin, visfatin, resistin, and adiponectin, are produced by adipocytes. Among adipokines, resistin is implicated in insulin resistance and inflammatory response modulation. Mucus hypersecretion has been greatly linked to airway diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rhinosinusitis. Increasing evidence has indicated that adipokines, such as leptin and visfatin, play important regulatory roles in various biological processes involved in mucus secretion. However, the effects of resistin on mucin expression in human airway epithelial cells, as well as the underlying mechanisms, have not been investigated yet.
Nää tulokset viitaavat siihen ,että resistiini indusoi MUC5AC ja MUC5B ilmentymistä aktivoimalla eri signaaliteitä ihmisen hengitysteiden epiteelisoluissa.
- We showed that resistin affected mucin expression in human airway epithelial cells via the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Resistin increased MUC5AC and MUC5B expression in NCI-H292 and primary human nasal epithelial cells. Additionally, it significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, and NF-κB. ERK1/2 and p38 specific inhibitors significantly attenuated resistin-induced MUC5AC/5B expression; however, NF-κB inhibitor reduced resistin-induced MUC5AC, but not MUC5B, expression. Knockdown of ERK1, ERK2, and p38 by ERK1, ERK2, and p38 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively, significantly blocked resistin-induced MUC5AC and MUC5B mRNA expression. In addition, NF-κB siRNA attenuated resistin-induced MUC5AC, but not MUC5B, expression. These results suggested that resistin induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression via activation of different signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells.
Artikkeli herättää vähän kysymyksiä. Resistiinin signalointi on katsottu ainakin insuliini suhteen. Muta nyt pitäisi katsoa adiposyytin ja hengitystien epiteelin basaalista limaeritystä suorittavan solun suhteen.On tietysti luonnollistta että sokeriaineenvaihdunnan, rasvaaineenvaihdunnan ja ja typen fiksuksen täytyy olla läheisesä linkissä keskenään musiinin tuotossa, koska musiineja tarvitsee tuottaa välillä paljon kuten surfaktantteja ja aina pitää olla normaali basaalieritys ja siinä tarvitaan aktivoituja ja muokattuja sokeriaineenvaihdunnan jäseniä oliogosakkariden rakentamiseen- siis sokeriaineenvaihdunnan täytyy toimia normaalist, jotta normaali muokoosiprotektio voisi vapaasti vastata joka tilanteeseen. Jos sokeritasapaino menee diabeettiseen suuntaan, mukoosipuolustuksen ylläpito kompromittoituu ja limakalvot altistuvat tulehduksille.
Löydän tällaisen lauseen.
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/62/1/102
Resistin also regulates the synthesis and secretion of key proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 in macrophages via a nuclear factor-κB–dependent pathway promoting insulin resistance (4,6,28,29).
Moreover, recent studies have provided evidence for the contribution of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Saturated fatty acids activate both hypothalamic and peripheral TLR4 signaling, leading to proinflammatory cytokine production and endoplasmic reticulum stress (30–32). Conversely, TLR4 loss-of-function prevents saturated fatty acid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance (30,31,33). Resistin and TLR4 have been linked to a proinflammatory process in a human epithelial cell line in which resistin competes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for binding to TLR4 (34). Recently, an isoform of decorin was identified as a resistin receptor involved in white adipose tissue expansion (35). Another report has described that mouse resistin modulates glucose uptake and promotes adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-1 (36). In addition, in rheumatoid arthritis disease, resistin has been shown to use the IGF-1R signaling pathway (37). These data reveal a puzzling situation in which resistin could potentially interact with different receptors depending upon cellular model. However, in vivo at the neuronal level, the resistin receptor and its signaling have not yet been identified.
2017 tutkimus: " Resistiini ei korreloi obesiteettiin ja insuliiniresistenssiin",sanoo tämä tutkimus:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29280648
Mikä sen varsinainen päätehtävä on?
Resistiinigeeni RETV (19p13.2)
Tästä asiasta tulee "kärpäsestä härkänen ". Katson geenin.
Proteiinin nimi on resistiini. muita nimiä ovat;
c/EBP-epsilon säätyvä myeloidispesifinen Cys-rikas proteiiniedeltäjä 1;
adipoosin kudoksen sepsifinen sekretorinen faktori ;
kysteiinipitoinen erittynyt proteiini FIZZ3;
FIZZ3= löytyy tulehduksellisesta vyöhykkeestä 3;
resistiini delta2.
- Preferred Names
- resistin
- Names
- C/EBP-epsilon regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein precursor 1
- adipose tissue-specific secretory factor
- c/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein
- cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 2
- cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3
- found in inflammatory zone 3
- resistin delta2
resistin precursor [Homo sapiens]
NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_001180303.1
LOCUS NP_001180303 108 aa linear PRI 21-OCT-2018 DEFINITION resistin precursor [Homo sapiens]. ACCESSION NP_001180303 VERSION NP_001180303.1 DBSOURCE REFSEQ: accession NM_001193374.1 KEYWORDS RefSeq. SOURCE Homo sapiens (human) ORGANISM Homo sapiens Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. REFERENCE 1 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Timirci-Kahraman O, Yilmaz U, Yilmaz N, Cevik A, Horozoglu C, Celik F, Gokce MO, Ergen A, Melekoglu A and Zeybek U. TITLE A Study of Short- and Long-term mRNA Levels of the Retn, Iapp, and Drd5 Genes in Obese Mice Induced with High-fat Diet JOURNAL In Vivo 32 (4), 813-817 (2018) PUBMED 29936463 REMARK GeneRIF: n T2 mice, the mRNA expression of Retn showed a moderate up-regulation (fold change=8.32; p=0.0019) in the adipose tissues. Iapp expression was also significantly up-regulated (fold change=9.78; p=0.012). Moreover, a 6.36-fold up-regulation for Drd5 was observed in the adipose tissues of T2 mice REFERENCE 2 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Kwak S, Kim YD, Na HG, Bae CH, Song SY and Choi YS. TITLE Resistin upregulates MUC5AC/B mucin gene expression in human airway epithelial cells JOURNAL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 499 (3), 655-661 (2018) PUBMED 29604272 REMARK GeneRIF: resistin induced MUC5AC and MUC5B expression via activation of different signaling pathways in human airway epithelial cells. REFERENCE 3 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Munoz-Palomeque A, Guerrero-Ramirez MA, Rubio-Chavez LA, Rosales-Gomez RC, Lopez-Cardona MG, Barajas-Avila VH, Delgadillo-Barrera A, Canton-Romero JC, Montoya-Fuentes H, Garcia-Cobian TA and Gutierrez-Rubio SA. TITLE Association of RETN and CAP1 SNPs, Expression and Serum Resistin Levels with Breast Cancer in Mexican Women JOURNAL Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 22 (4), 209-217 (2018) PUBMED 29641286 REMARK GeneRIF: RETN and CAP1 polymorphisms and gene expression may be potential biomarkers for breast cancer risk REFERENCE 4 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Wang L, Tang CH, Lu T, Sun Y, Xu G, Huang CC, Yang SF and Su CM. TITLE Resistin polymorphisms are associated with rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Chinese Han subjects JOURNAL Medicine (Baltimore) 97 (12), e0177 (2018) PUBMED 29561430 REMARK GeneRIF: Results demonstrate an association between RETN gene variants and risk of rheumatoid arthritis disease. RETN SNPs were significantly associated with clinical therapies and C-reactive protein serum marker of rheumatoid arthritis in the Chinese Han population. REFERENCE 5 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Machura E, Szczepanska M, Swietochowska E, Halkiewicz F, Barc-Czarnecka M, Ziora K and Ziora D. TITLE Evaluation of adipokines in children with cystic fibrosis JOURNAL Endokrynol Pol 69 (2), 128-134 (2018) PUBMED 29465158 REMARK GeneRIF: An increase in resistin concentration expressed also as resistin/BMI, and resistin/adiponectin ratios, observed in children with cystic fibrosis may suggests that this adipokine is involved in the inflammatory process underlying the disease and is related to worse spirometric parameters describing airways obstruction. REFERENCE 6 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM, Patel HR, Ahima RS and Lazar MA. TITLE The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes JOURNAL Nature 409 (6818), 307-312 (2001) PUBMED 11201732 REFERENCE 7 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Steppan CM, Brown EJ, Wright CM, Bhat S, Banerjee RR, Dai CY, Enders GH, Silberg DG, Wen X, Wu GD and Lazar MA. TITLE A family of tissue-specific resistin-like molecules JOURNAL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (2), 502-506 (2001) PUBMED 11209052 REFERENCE 8 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Kubota T, Kawano S, Chih DY, Hisatake Y, Chumakov AM, Taguchi H and Koeffler HP. TITLE Representational difference analysis using myeloid cells from C/EBP epsilon deletional mice JOURNAL Blood 96 (12), 3953-3957 (2000) PUBMED 11090083 REFERENCE 9 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Holcomb IN, Kabakoff RC, Chan B, Baker TW, Gurney A, Henzel W, Nelson C, Lowman HB, Wright BD, Skelton NJ, Frantz GD, Tumas DB, Peale FV Jr, Shelton DL and Hebert CC. TITLE FIZZ1, a novel cysteine-rich secreted protein associated with pulmonary inflammation, defines a new gene family JOURNAL EMBO J. 19 (15), 4046-4055 (2000) PUBMED 10921885 REFERENCE 10 (residues 1 to 108) AUTHORS Bennett M and Reed R. TITLE Correspondence between a mammalian spliceosome component and an essential yeast splicing factor JOURNAL Science 262 (5130), 105-108 (1993) PUBMED 8211113 COMMENT REVIEWED REFSEQ: This record has been curated by NCBI staff. The reference sequence was derived from AY207314.1. Summary: This gene belongs to the family defined by the mouse resistin-like genes. The characteristic feature of this family is the C-terminal stretch of 10 cys residues with identical spacing. The mouse homolog of this protein is secreted by adipocytes, and may be the hormone potentially linking obesity to type II diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]. Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks a segment in the 5' UTR, as compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Gene record to access additional publications. ##Evidence-Data-START## Transcript exon combination :: AY207314.1 [ECO:0000332] RNAseq introns :: single sample supports all introns SAMEA2144333, SAMEA2149004 [ECO:0000348] ##Evidence-Data-END## FEATURES Location/Qualifiers source 1..108 /organism="Homo sapiens" /db_xref="taxon:9606" /chromosome="19" /map="19p13.2" Protein 1..108 /product="resistin precursor" /note="C/EBP-epsilon regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein precursor 1; found in inflammatory zone 3; cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ3; adipose tissue-specific secretory factor; cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 2; c/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein; resistin delta2" /calculated_mol_wt=9554 sig_peptide 1..18 /inference="COORDINATES: ab initio prediction:SignalP:4.0" /calculated_mol_wt=1883 Region 20..106 /region_name="Resistin" /note="Resistin; pfam06954" /db_xref="CDD:311105" Site order(22..25,27..28) /site_type="other" /note="oligomer interface [polypeptide binding]" /db_xref="CDD:319989"resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone familyRELMs, secreted proteins with roles including insulin resistance and the activation of inflammatory processes, are also known as found in inflammatory zone (FIZZ), and include four members in mouse (RELM-alpha/FIZZ1/HIMF, RELM-beta/FIZZ2, Resistin/FIZZ3, and RELM-gamma/FIZZ4) and two members in human (resistin and RELM-beta). Little is yet known about the differences and similarities in function of the different isoforms. RELMs are potentially implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes including obesity-associated diabetes, cardiovascular system function, cancer development and metastasis. There are significant differences between human and rodent RELMs with respect to gene and protein structure, differential gene regulation, different tissue distribution profiles, and insulin resistance induction. Resistin appears to convey insulin resistance in rodents, and to instigate inflammatory processes in humans. In the pathophysiology of obesity-associated diabetes, mouse resistin is secreted by adipocytes and increases hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby promoting insulin resistance, human resistin is secreted by macrophages and may play a role through inflammatory contributions. Elevated levels of human resistin have been reported in various cancers including colorectal, endometrial, and postmenopausal breast cancers, and may initiate the production of further inflammatory cytokines, to promote tumor cell progression; contrary to this, in vitro overexpression of human RELM-beta abolishes invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. Resistin circulates as hexamers and trimers; structural similarity has been noted between the resistin homotrimer and the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, C-terminal cysteine-rich domain. Site order(24..25,28..29,31..32,35..36,39,49,51,68..81,83,92, 98,102,105..106) /site_type="other" /note="trimer interface [polypeptide binding]" /db_xref="CDD:319989" CDS 1..108 /gene="RETN" /gene_synonym="ADSF; FIZZ3; RETN1; RSTN; XCP1" /coded_by="NM_001193374.1:38..364" /db_xref="CCDS:CCDS12182.1" /db_xref="GeneID:56729" /db_xref="HGNC:HGNC:20389" /db_xref="MIM:605565" ORIGIN 1 mkalcllllp vlgllvsskt lcsmeeaine riqevagsli fraissigle cqsvtsrgdl 61 atcprgfavt gctcgsacgs wdvraettch cqcagmdwtg arccrvqp //
Jätän tähän muistiin koko tekstin 9.11. 2018. Tässä taitaa olla heksameerisen resistiinin kuva kädet kyynärpäitä myöten ristissä - tapaan.
Inga kommentarer:
Skicka en kommentar