Tämä lähde antaa
näistä viime vuosikymmeninä löydetyistä UBE2 entsyymeistä
uutistietoja linkissä PubMed. Tämän ryhmän molekyylit ovat
aktiivin tutkimuksen ja varsinkin funktionaalisen kartoituksen
kohteita ennen kuin tieteen taholla voidaan päättää, voiko niistä löytää
terapeuttisia strategiateitä. Niiden normaalia toimintaa
selvitellään ja niiden ilmenemää ja korrelaatiota eri taudeissa
tutkitaan.
Ubikitiinia Ub aktivoi pari E1-entsyymiä, nämä UB- E2 entsyymit
siirtävät ja konjugoivat aktivoitua ubikitiiniä ja noin 600 E3-
ubikitiiniligaasia taas voi valita mihin subtraattiin
ubikitiiniasetetaan ,
Monellä UBE2 entyymillä voi olla jokin
aivan määrätty E3-ligaasi, jonka kanssa se tekee yhteistyötä.
Jokin UBE2 -entsyymi voi käyttää hyvin monia E3-ligaaseja
työtoverina. Joskus esiintyy myös monen UBE2 ja E3 entsyymin
komplekseja E2/E3 hybridiä..Tämä on hyvin monipuolinen järjstelmä ja huolehtii
mm. genomin kunnosta, DNA:n korjauksesta. Proteosomaalinen
koneisto on hyvin mielenkiintoinen asia.
Sen tekijöitä
voi löytyä lisääkin. Tekijöiden monipuolisuuden tarve johtuu siitäkin että ne käsittelevät ubikitiinimolekyyliä ja ketjuja aivan spesifisesti, ketjut ovat monoubikitiinistä lähtien eri pituisia, esim. oligoubikitiineja ja polyubikitiinejä. Myös ubikitiinin kaltaisia (Ubl) molekyylejä siirtää muutamat UBE2- entyymit ( neddylaatio, sumoylaatio).
Tässä oleva
kooste voi sisältää virheitä, joten jokainen linkki taas
puhukoon puolestaan. Olen päivittämässä tätä.
UBE2A,
(Xq24)
HHR6A, MRXS30,
MRXSN, RAD6A,UBC2.
Ubc2, Rad6,
Rad6a_(E2 ubiquitin conjugase in DNA repair) This enzyme is
required for post-replicative DNA damage repair, and may play a role
in transcriptional regulation.
RAD6, an E2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, a key node for determining different
DNA damage repair pathways, controlling both the error-prone and the
error-free DNA damage repair pathways through differential
regulation of the ubiquitination of the proliferating cell nuclear
antigen (PCNA) protein. RAD6 promotes proteasome activity and
nuclear translocation-
UBE2B,
(5q31.1).
HR6B, HHR6B, UBC2,
Ubc2, E2-17kDa, RAD6B, Rad6, Rad6B.
This gene encodes a
member of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is
required for post-replicative DNA damage repair.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7320
UBE2C,
(20q13.12).
UBCH10 ,UbcH10.
(Chain initiating E2 of APC/C ; transfers the first Ub to APC/C
substrates),an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)-specific
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme,
Required for
destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression, may
be involved in many cancer types .
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/11065
(E3 independent) E2
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme C ; cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier
protein; mitotic-specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzymeubiquitin
conjugating enzyme E2Cubiquitin-protein
ligase C
UBE2D1,
(10q21.1).
E2(17) KB1, STF
(stimulation of iron transport), Ubc4/5, UbcH5A,UBCH5.
(Promiscuous lysine- and cysteine reactive E2 ubiquitin conjugases)
Hereditary
hemochromatosis, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9918797/
UBE2D2,
(5q31.2).
E2(17)KB2, PUBC1,
UBC4, UBCH4, Ubc4/5, UbcH5B.
Dopamine
transporter DAT regulation
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20051513
UBE2D3,
(4q24).
E2(17)KB3, Ubc4/5,
UbcH5C. Role in p53 ubiquitylation by E3.
Hijacked by
Gramnegative bacterial E3 ligases.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133640/
ATRA/APL/UBEH5C/CyclinD1
degradation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17420285/
DNA repair E2s
and E3s; with RNF 138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26502057
UBE2D4,
(7p13).
HBUCE1, Ubc4/5,
UbcH5D.
cadmiun effect:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912277/
TF Tissue factor
and oligoubiquitylation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27599717/
TRIM dimer requires
E2 ubiquitylation .https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28681414/
UBE2E1,
(3p24.2).
UbcH6._
( Non
ubiquitylating E2 by virtue of their N-terminal extensions.
Prognostic to AML.
UBE2E2,
(3p24.3) .
UbcH8._
Risk allele in DM
.Gene affect adipocyte
biology.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27918534
UBE2E3,
(2q31.3).
UbcH9, UbcM2._ (
Intrinsic ability to build up polyubiquitin chains is inhibited by
Ub binding on its backside).
UBE2E3 is essential
for the proliferation of RPE-1 cells and is downregulated during RPE
layer maturation in the developing mouse eye. These findings
indicate that UBE2E3 is a major enzyme in modulating the balance
between RPE cell proliferation and differentiation.
UBE2F,
(2q37.2).
NCE1, UBE2F . _
(Neddylation)
UBE2G1,(17p13.2).
Ubc7, Ubc2G.UBE7,
UBC2G, E217K
K48-chain building
enzyme even in the absence of E3)
UBE2G2,
(21q22.3).
Ubc7._UBC7
(K48-chain building
in dependance of an E3. E2 involved in the ERAD pathway)
UBE2H
(7q32.2).
Ubc8, UBCH, GID3,
UbcH2, E2-20K
(E2 involved in
the ERAD pathway).
UBE2I,
(16p13.3).
Best characterized
E2, that transfers Ub or Ubl directly to target residue.
Ubc9, UBC9, P18,
C358B7.1 _(SUMO E2).
UBE2J1,
(6q15).
Ubc6 , UBC6E,
Ubc6p, CGI-76,
NCUBE1, NCUBE-1,
HSPC153, HSPC205, HSU93243. (E2 involved in the ERAD pathway)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16720581
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245296
Misfolded MHC-I is substrat of HRD1 and UBE2J1 for degradation.
UBE2J2,
(1p36.33).
Ubc6, NCUBE2,
NCUBE-2, PRO2121.
(E2 with hydroxyl
specifity: ser/thr) Essential in degradation of lysine less
structures.
UBE2K,
(4p14).
Ubc1, E2-25K , LIQ,
HIP2, HYPG, UBC1.
(K48-ub- building
enzyme, even in the absence of E3)
Can ubiquitinate
huntingtin and has a role in aggregate formation of expanded polyQ
diseases. Substrates p53, cFOS, NF-kB precursor p105.
UBE2L3,
(22q11.21).
UbeH7, UbeM4_
(Cysteine-only-reactive E2
E2-F1, UBC, UBCH7,
L-UBC, Ube2L3.
Substrates p53.
C-FOS, NF-kB precursor p105.
Hashimoto
thyroiditis.Autoimmune thyroiditis.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27094594/
UBE2L6
, (11q12.1).
UBCH8, RIG-B,
Ube2L6._ Bispecific E2 for ISG 15 and Ubiquitin.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14933
UBE2M,
(19q13.43).
Ubc12, hUbc12,
UBC-RS2. ( Neddylation) Encoded protein linked with NEDD8, which
can be conjugated to cellular proteins, such as Cdc53/culin.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9040
UBE2N,
(12q22).
UBE13, UBC13,
UbcH-ben, HEL-S-71, UBCHBEN
E2 collaborating
with proteins of UBE2V family to build K63-Ub-chain).
Neuroblastoma and
UBE2N- inhibitor strategia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24556694
UBE2NL,
(Xq27.3).
Ubc E2N-like.
Li174, Epididymis
tissue protein Li174.
(No catalytic
cystein)
Cancer cell
progressing.
UBE2O,
(17q25.1).
E2-230K. Large
multidomain E2/E3 hybrid.
Quality control
factor https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28774922/
UBE2Q1,
(1q21.3).
Associated with
some cancers.
UBE2Q2,
(15q24.2)
Normally function
to antagonize early mitotic checkpoint.
Pediatric ALL.
UBE2QL
(?)
UBE2R1,
(19p13.3).
CDC34, Cdc34,
UbcH3.E2CDC34- _ (K48 Ub-chain building enzym and cognate E2 for SCP
E3-ligases that target proteins to proteosome. A highly specific
chain builder.) This protein is a part of the large multiprotein
complex, which is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of
cell cycle G1 regulators, and for the initiation of DNA replication.
UBE2R2,
(19p13.3).
Cdc34B, Ubc H3,
E2-CDC34B. A highly specific chain builder. K48 Ub chain building
enzyme. CK2 dependent phosphorylating of this E2 conjugase .
UBE2S,
(19q13.42).
EPF5, E2EPF, E2-EPF
_ (K11Ubiquitin chain building enzyme. Hallmark of APC/C mediated
proteosomal degradation.A highly specific chain builder) (19q13.42)
UBE2T,
(1q32.1).
PIG50 (Cell
proliferation Inducing gene 59 protein) , HSPC150.FANCT,
(E2 of the Fanconi
Anemia DNA damage pathway specific for FANCL).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/29089.
Associated in gastric ca, nasopharyngeal ca, HCC, osteosarcoma.
UBE2U,
(1p31.3).
Cognate E3 ligase
RNF17. Regulation of radiosensitivity, DNA DSB repair after
radioactive damage.
UBE2V1,
(20q13.15).
Uev1, Ube2V, UcvA,
CIR1. CROC1, UBE2V._ (Catalytically inactive E2-like proteins
interacting with UBE2N for K63 chain formation). Preferred names:
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1 DNA-binding protein,
TRAF6-regulated IKK activator 1 beta Uev1A .
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7335
( 20q13.15). Located in nucleus, can cause transcriptional
activation of FOS protooncogene.
UBE2V2,
(8q11.21)
Mms2, Uev2.EDPF1,
DDVI1, EDAF-1.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7336
(8q11.21), D3 -inducible 1, Enterocyte differentiation promoting
factor 1, Enterocyte differentiation associated factor 1. Methyl
Methane Sulfonate sensitive 2; DDVIT1, Vit. D3 inducible protein,
EDPF1, Enterocyte differentiation promoting factor 1; EDAF-1,
Enterocyte associating factor 1. (Vit.D3 modulate monocyte
differentiation).
UBE2W,
(8q21.11).
Ubc16, UBC-16. _
(Specificity for
N-terminal Aminogroup. Unusual intrinsic E2 reactivity. Substrate
difference from all other characterized E2s. Role in innate
immunity.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55284
(8q21.11) Expression brain, thyreoidea + 25 other tissues. Nuclear
E2 ligase. Trim5 alpha requires UBE2W to anchor Lys63 ub chains
and restrict reverse transrciption).
UBE2Z,
(17q21.32).
USE1, HOYS.
_(Bispecific E2 for
FAT10 and ubiquitin).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/65264
(17q21.32) (UBA6 specific E2 enzyme 1= USE1)
ATG10,
(5q14.1-14.2).
APGL10L. (ATG12
specific E2).
Autophagy related
gene 10. (5q14.1-14.2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/83734
ATG3,(3q13.2).
APG3, APG3-Like _
(ATG8 lipidation specific E2).
Autophagy Related
Gene 3 (3q13.2).
BIRC6,
(2p22.3).
Bruce, Apollon
_(giant multidomain E2/E3 hybrid); Inhibits apoptosis by
facilitating the degradation of apoptotic proteins by
ubiquitination.
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