The
class III ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2s) are distinguished from
other E2s by the presence of unique N-terminal domains, and the
utilization of importin-11 for transport into the nucleus in an
activation dependent fashion. To begin determining the physiological
roles of these enzymes, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen with
the class III E2, UbcM2. This screen retrieved RCBTB1, a putative
substrate adaptor for a cullin3 (CUL3) E3 ligase. We initially
established through biochemical studies that RCBTB1 has the properties
of a CUL3 substrate adaptor. Further analysis of the UbcM2-RCBTB1
complex led to the discovery and characterization of the following novel
interactions: (i) UbcM2 binds an N-terminal domain of CUL3 requiring
the first 57 amino acids, the same domain that binds to RCBTB1 and other
substrate adaptors; (ii) UbcM2 does not bind mutants of CUL3 that are
deficient in substrate adaptor recruitment; (iii) UbcM2 interacts with
CUL3 independent of a bridging RING-finger protein; and (iv) can engage
the neddylated (i.e., activated) form of CUL3. We also present evidence
that UbcM2 can bind to the N-terminal halves of multiple cullins,
implying that this E2 is a general cofactor for this class of ligases.
Together, these studies represent the first evidence that UbcM2, in
concert with substrate adaptors, engages activated CUL3 ligases, thus
suggesting that class III E2s are novel regulators of cullin ligases.
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