Siitä kertoi muutamat rivit sellaisessa artikkelissa, joka kuvasi BET-inhibiittoreita_ Shaokun Shu et Kornelia Polyak: BET Bromodomain Proteins as Cancer Therapeutic targets.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BET_inhibitor
BET-estäjät ovat luokka antisyöpälääkkeitä, immuniosuppressiivisia ja muitakin vaikutuksia niillä on kliinisten kokeiden perusteella ollut. USA:ssa ja Euroopassa tehdään näitä kokeita Nämä molekyylit sitoutuvat reversibelisti eli palautuvasti bromodomaaniin BET-proteiineissa BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 ja BRDT. BET on lyhennys sanoista Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif-proteins, joita yllämainitut 4 ovat.
- BET inhibitors are a class of drugs with anti-cancer, immunosuppressive, and other effects in clinical trials in the United States and Europe and widely used in research. These molecules reversibly bind the bromodomains of Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) proteins BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and BRDT, and prevent protein-protein interaction between BET proteins and acetylated histones and transcription factors.[1][2]
Contents
- 1 Discovery and development
- 2 Mechanism of action in cancer
- 3 Use in other applications
- 4 Specific BET inhibitors
- 5 See also
- 6 References
-
BET-inhibiittorien löytäminen ja kehittely , Discovery and development
Tienodiatsepiini-BETi molekyylit keksi tiedemiehet Yoshitomi Pharmaceuticals yhtiössä, joka nykyisin on Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. Tämä tapahtui 1990-luvun varhaisvaiheissa. Havaittiin niitten olevan anti-inflammatorisia ja antisyöpä agensseja. Niistä ei pitkään tiedetty sen enempää, kunnes julkaistiin tieto JQ1 (tienotriazolodiatsepiinin) käytöstä eräässä syöpätyypissä (NUT midline carcinoma) ja I-Bet 762:n käytöstä sepsiksessä. Sen jälkeen on kuvattu useitakin molekyylejä, jotka kykenevät kohdentumaanBET- bromodomaaniin.
On kuvattu sellaisiakin BET-inhibiittoreita, jotka pystyvät tekemään eron BET-proteiinien ensimmäisen BD1 ja toisen BR2 bromodomaanin kesken. Muta ei ole vielä löydetty yhtään BETi;ä joka voisitehdä eron neljän BET-perheen jäsenen kesken. Vain tieteellisessä tutkimuksessa on voitu kodhentaa yksittäiseen BET-proteiiniin mutatoimalla niitä herkemmiksi Jq1/I-Bt762:LLE.
- Thienodiazepine BET inhibitors were discovered by scientists at Yoshitomi Pharmaceuticals (now Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma) in the early 1990s, and their potential both as anti-inflammatories and anti-cancer agents noted.[3][4] However, these molecules remained largely unknown until 2010 when both the use of JQ1 in NUT midline carcinoma[5] and of I-BET 762 in sepsis were published.[6] Since this time a number of molecules have been described that are capable of targeting BET bromodomains.[7] BET inhibitors have been described that are able to discriminate between the first and second bromodomains of BET proteins (BD1 vs BD2). However, no BET inhibitor has yet been described that can reliably distinguish between BET family members (BRD2 vs BRD3 vs BRD4 vs BRDT).[8] Only in the research context has targeting individual BET proteins been achieved by mutating them to be more sensitive to a derivative of JQ1 / I-BET 762.[9]
Miten BETi toimii syövässä? Mechanism of action in cancer
Heräsi kiinnostus BEt-inhibiittoreita kohtaan, kun oli havaittu BET-geenien BRD 3 ja BRD4 kormosomaalisten translokaatioitten käynnistävän patogeneesin eräässä harvinaisessa syöpämuodossa. Jatkotutkimuksissa löytyi riippuvuutta BET-proteiinista BRD4 eräissä akuutin myeloisen leukemian muodoissa , multippelissa myelomassa ja akuutissa lymfoblastisessa leukemiassa- ja nämä syövät olivat herkkiä BET-inhibiittoreille.
BRD2 ja BRD3 ovat toiminnallisesti redundantteja ja ne voivat olla tärkeämpiä terapeuttisina kohteina, mitä ollaan arvioitu niistä kokeista, joissa vähennetään jokasen BET-proteiinin osuus erikseen. Tuoreet tutkimukset ovat osoittaneet, että kombinaatioterapiassa käyttäen BETi voi olla hyvä keino voittaa muita kohdennetuja terapioita vastaan kehittynyt resistenssi. Esim BETi ja gammasekretaasi-inhibiittori kombinoituna Akuutissa T-lymfoblastileukemiassa ja BETi kombinoituna
RAF-inhibiittoriin (vemurafenib) RAF-inhibiittorille resistentissä melanoomassa, jossa on BRAFV600E mutaatio.
- Interest in using BET inhibitors in cancer began with the observation that chromosomal translocations involving BET genes BRD3 and BRD4 drove the pathogenesis the rare cancer NUT midline carcinoma. Subsequent research uncovered the dependence of some forms of acute myeloid leukemia,[10][11] multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia[12] on the BET protein BRD4, and the sensitivity of these cancers to BET inhibitors. In many cases, expression of the growth promoting transcription factor Myc is blocked by BET inhibitors.[13][14][15] BRD2 and BRD3 are functionally redundant and may be more important as therapeutic targets than is appreciated in studies depleting each BET protein individually.[16] Recent studies also showed that BET inhibitors can be instrumental in overcoming resistance to other targeted therapies when used in combination therapies. Examples include use of BET inhibitors in combination with γ-secretase inhibitors for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and RAF-inhibitor (vemurafenib) for RAF-inhibitor resistant melanomas carrying the BRAFV600E mutation.[17][18]
Muita käyttösovelluksia. Use in other applications
- BET inhibition prevents death in mouse models of sepsis, attenuates
autoimmunity, and lessens damage from overactive inflammatory responses
in the lung.[19][20][6]
Pre-clinical studies have also demonstrated efficacy in applications that would require chronic administration (see below: heart failure and male contraception). As early studies in humans have already demonstrated significant toxicity in the form of thrombocytopenia, and these drugs are likely to have major immunomodulatory effects, it is unclear what the range of safe feasible applications for these molecules will be.
BET inhibitors have been shown to limit the development of heart failure in mouse models.[21][22]
The use of BET inhibitors has been proposed as a method of male birth control due to their ability to inhibit the testis-specific BET protein BRDT.[23][24]
Spesifisiä BETi. Specific BET inhibitors
BET-estäjiä valmistetaan tutkimuslaboratorioissa ja lääkeyhtiöissä kuten GSK, Merck et Co, Constellation, Resverlogix Corp., Zenith Epigenetics.
Wikipedia mainitsee joitan huomioitavia BETi valmisteita.
BETi jotka kohdistuvat sekä BD1 että BD2 bromodomeeniin.
JQ1 . Tätä käytetään yleiesti tutkimuksissa.
I-BET 151 (GSK1210151A- käytetty tutkimussovelluksissa laajalti.
I-BET762 (GSK525762) Kliinisessä kokeessa II faasissa. Katsotaan sen turvallisuutta ja tehoa harvinaisessa syövässä (NUT midline Ca) ja pahanlaatuisissa veritaudeissa.
OTX-015. Kliinisessä kokeessa faasissa II (2018) . Faasi I tulokset hematologista maligniteettia potevilta on saatavilla. Kliiniset kokeet testaavat potilaita, joilla on verimaligiteeti, solidi tuumori, glioblastoma multiforme tai yllämainittu harvinainen ca (NUT midline ca.
TEN-010 (Roche) Kliinisen tutkimuksen I vaihe menossa. Tensha therapeutics kehitti tämän molekyylin.
CPI-203 on osoitautunut multippelissa myelomassa tehokkaaksi jos annetaan kombinaatiossa lenalidomiden kanssa
CPI-0610 (Constellation) . Kliininen vaihe I arvioitu lymfoman, multippelin myeloman ja muiden hematologisten syöpien suhteen.
BET inhibitors have been developed by publicly funded research labs as well as pharmaceutical companies including GlaxoSmithKline, Oncoethix (purchased by Merck Co. in 2014[25]), Oncoethix,[26] Constellation pharmaceuticals,[27] Resverlogix Corp[28] and Zenith epigenetics.[29] - Notable BET inhibitors include:
Targeting both BD1 and BD2 (bromodomains)
- JQ1 – commonly used in research studies and distributed free of charge by the James Bradner laboratory at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute[30]
- I-BET 151 (GSK1210151A) – widely used in research applications[31]
- I-BET 762 (GSK525762) – in clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy in patients with NUT midline carcinoma and hematologic malignancies[32]
- OTX-015 – phase I trials results in patients with hematologic malignancies are available.[33] Clinical trial testing conditions in patients with hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, glioblastoma multiforme, and NUT midline carcinoma
- TEN-010 – created by Tensha therapeutics[34]
- CPI-203 – shown to be effective in multiple myeloma when given in combination with lenalidomide.[35]
- CPI-0610 – currently being evaluated in phase I clinical trials for lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and other hematologic cancers.[36]
BETi, joka on selektiivinen BD1-inhibiittori. Selective targeting of BD1
Olinone , vaikuttaa oligodendrosyyttiprogeniittorisolujen erilaistumiseen.
- olinone, e.g. to affect the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.[37]:4.1[38]
Kaksoisvaikutus. Kinaasiestäjä ja bromodomaaniestäjä. Dual kinase-bromodomain inhibitors
- Kts myös tekstejä See also
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