PD-L1 , Suositeltu nimi tälle geenille on
Programmoitu solukuolema 1-reseptorin ligandi 1
- Preferred Names
- programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
- Names
- B7 homolog 1
- CD274 antigen
- PDCD1 ligand 1
- B7-H; B7H1; PDL1; PD-L1; PDCD1L1; PDCD1LG1
- Yhteenvetoa: Tämä geeni PD-L1 koodaa immuunonhibitorisen reseptorin ligandia, jota ilmentää hematopoieettiset ja ei-hematopoieettiset solut, kuten T-solut, B-solut ja erilaiset tuumorisolut.
- Geenin koodaama proteiini on I- tyypin transmembraaninen proteiini, jolla on immunoglobuliinin V:n kaltainen domeeni ja C:n kaltainen domeeni. Kun tämä ligandi tekee vuorovaikutuksen reseptoriinsa (PD-1), se estää T-solun aktivoitumisen ja sytokiinien tuotannon.
- Normaalin kudoksen infektion tai tulehduksen aikana tällä interaktiolla on merkitystä autoimmuniteetin estossa, koska se pitää yllä immuunivasteen (hienosäätöistä) tasapainoa, (esim siten, että vasteT8+ tappajasoluista ei ole liian haitallinen keholle itselleen).
- Mutta tuumorien mikromiljöössä tästä interaktiosta voi salliutua tuumorisoluille evaasiomahdollisuus, joilloin ne välttävät tuhoutumisensa, koska sytotoksiset T-solut ( tappaja-T-solut) inaktivoituvat.
- Tämän geenin ilmenemää tuumorisoluissa pidetään useassa ihmisen pahanlaatuisessa taudissa prognostisena. Näihin maligniteetteihin kuuluu paksunsuolensyöpä ja munuaissolusyöpä. Vaihtoehtoisin pleissauksin tulee monia transkriptivariantteja. ( Niistä koodautuu eri isoformeja, joista alla mainitaan a, b ja c). Tätä geeniä ilmenee umpilisäkkeessä, istukassa ja 23 muussa kudoksessa.
- Summary
- This gene encodes an immune inhibitory receptor ligand that is expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, such as T cells and B cells and various types of tumor cells. The encoded protein is a type I transmembrane (TM) protein that has immunoglobulin V-like and C-like domains. Interaction of this ligand with its receptor inhibits T-cell activation and cytokine production. During infection or inflammation of normal tissue, this interaction is important for preventing autoimmunity by maintaining homeostasis of the immune response. In tumor microenvironments, this interaction provides an immune escape for tumor cells through cytotoxic T-cell inactivation. Expression of this gene in tumor cells is considered to be prognostic in many types of human malignancies, including colon cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015] Expression Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 6.7), placenta (RPKM 4.5) and 23 other tissues See more
Related articles in PubMed
- Impact of COX2 Inhibitor for Regulation of PD-L1 Expression in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Shimizu K, et al. Anticancer Res, 2018 Aug. PMID 30061230
- Heterogeneity of PD-L1 Expression and Relationship with Biology of NSCLC. Bassanelli M, et al. Anticancer Res, 2018 Jul. PMID 29970498
- Correlations of PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese Han population. Xie Q, et al. Gene, 2018 Oct 20. PMID 29940275 CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that three functional polymorphisms (rs2297136, rs4143815 and rs17718883) of the PD-L1 gene were associated with HCC risk and prognosis, suggesting that genetic variants of PD-L1 polymorphisms might be a possible prognostic marker for the prediction of HCC risk and development. Validation by a larger prospective study from a more diverse ethnic population is needed to confirm these findings.
- Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Zheng C, et al. Medicine (Baltimore), 2018 Jun. PMID 29923984, Free PMC ArticleProgrammed cell death-ligands 1 (PD-L1) is a key immune checkpoint protein and a promising therapeutic target for malignancy tumor immunotherapy. The prognostic value of PD-L1 in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma remains controversial. Therefore, this meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the associations of PD-L1 expression with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and clinicopathological characteristics of sarcomaA comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted for relevant studies.The findings from this meta-analysis indicate that PD-L1 expression might be a useful predicative factor of poor prognosis for patients with bone and soft tissue sarcoma.
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Frequencies and expression levels of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) in various cancer types.
Ishiba T, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2018 Jun 7. PMID 29679564 In this study, we analyzed PD-L1 expression in ctRNA isolated from
various cancer types. Tumors inhibit antitumor response by modulating
the immune checkpoint proteins programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its
cognate receptor PD1. The expression of these genes has been implicated
in evasion of immune response and resistance to targeted therapies. RESULTS: PD-L1 expression was detected in the plasma ctRNA
of all cancer types at varying frequencies but no PD-L1 mRNA was
detected in cancer-free individuals. The frequencies of PD-L1 expression
were significantly different among the various cancer types but the
median relative PD-L1 expression values were not significantly
different. In 12 cases where plasma and tumor tissue were available from
the same patients, there was a high degree of concordance between
expression of PD-L1 protein in tumor tissues and PD-L1 gene expression
in plasma, and both methods were equally predictive of response to
nivolumab. CONCLUSIONS:
PD-L1 mRNA can be detected and quantitated in ctRNA of cancer patients. These results pave the way for further studies aimed at determining whether monitoring the levels of PD-L1 mRNA in blood can identify patients who are most likely to benefit from the conventional treatment.
GeneRIFs: Gene References Into FunctionsWhat's a GeneRIF?
- We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling
- PD-L1 expression is a prognostic factor related with poor survival among patients that developed non-small cell lung cancer.
- Thus, PD-L1 mRNA expression in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma was associated with BIM and VEGFA mRNA expression and with shorter PFS after gefitinib therapy.
- The inhibition of PTEN also reduced the cancer effects of CD4+ T cells on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines following miR-142-5p downregulation. Therefore, our study demonstrated that miR-142-5p regulated CD4+ T cells in human NSCLC through PD-L1 expression via the PTEN pathway.
- The expression of PD-L1 in breast-invasive ductal carcinoma was significantly increased, and it was related to histological grading, clinical staging, and lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.
- Neither IL-17 nor IL-22, cytokines essential in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, alters PD-L1 expression in HaCaT cells.
- PD-L1 expression and RAS status may be the prognostic indicators for metastatic Colorectal Cancer patients with palliative operation.
- PD-L1 mRNA can be detected and quantitated in circulating tumor RNA of cancer patients.
- expression of PD-L1 by lymphoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages mediate the trafficking of tumor-associated macrophages, which may explain the immune-escape process of tumor-associated macrophages.
- Study indicated that PD-L1 expression is a negative prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The results also indicate PD-L1 expression was associated more aggressive clinical features in patients with RCC.
Sequences:Isoformsisoform bisoform cisoform a
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