Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class of psychoactive drugs.[9]
It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world.
It is a bitter, white crystalline purine, a methylxanthine alkaloid, and thus closely related chemically to the adenine and guanine contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
It is found in the seeds, nuts, or leaves of a number of plants native to South America and East Asia.
The most well known source of caffeine is the seed (commonly incorrectly referred to as the "bean") of Coffea plants. Beverages containing caffeine are ingested to relieve or prevent drowsiness and to increase one's energy level.
Caffeine is extracted from the plant part containing it for making beverages by steeping it in water, a process
Name | R1 | R2 | R3 | R8 | IUPAC nomenclature | Found In |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xanthine | H | H | H | H | 3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione | Plants, animals |
Caffeine | CH3 | CH3 | CH3 | H | 1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione | Coffee, Guarana, Yerba mate, Tea, Kola, Guayusa, Holly |
Theobromine | H | CH3 | CH3 | H | 3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione | Cacao (chocolate), Yerba mate, Kola, Guayusa, Holly |
Theophylline | CH3 | CH3 | H | H | 1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione | Tea, Cacao (chocolate), Yerba mate, Kola |
Paraxanthine | CH3 | H | CH3 | H | 1,7-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione | Animals that have consumed caffeine |
8-Chlorotheophylline | CH3 | CH3 | H | Cl | Dimenhydrinate |
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