Miten ihmisen histonigeenit sijoittuvat kromosomikarttaan?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC323477/

Histonigeenit kartoittuvat ainakin kolmeen kromosomiin ihmisellä.  Yksi histonigeeniryväs Lambda HHG41 joka  sisältää H3 ja H4 geenit,  lokalisoituu vain ykköskromosomiin. Muita ryväksia, joissa on ytimenä H3, H4, H2A ja H2B ( Lambda HHG17) tai ydin, jossa  esiintyy  myös H1 histonigeeni  (Lambda HHG41)   on todettu liittyneenä kromosomeihin 1 ja  6 ja 12. Tämä viittaisi siihen, että histoneja koodaavien sekvenssien  multigeeniperhe, joka esiintyy ryvässarjoina saattaa olla  johtunut  alunperin yksittäisestä ryväksestä, joka on sisältänyt jokaista  viittä histoniproteiinipääluokkaa yhden geenin. Evoluution aikainen  tapahtumien setti ehkä käsitti  geenien kaksinkertaistumisen,  sekvenssin modifioitumisen ja rekombinaation, mikä on johtanut nykyiseen  ihmishistonigeenimalliin, jossa nämä geenit sijoittuvat  useisiin kromosomeihin.

Histone genes were mapped to at least three human chromosomes by Southern blot analysis of DNAs from a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids (using 32P-labeled cloned human histone DNA as probes). Chromosome assignment was confirmed by in situ hybridization of radiolabeled histone gene probes (3H-labeled) to metaphase chromosomes. One human histone gene cluster (lambda HHG41) containing an H3 and H4 gene resides only on chromosome 1, whereas other clusters containing core (H3, H4, H2A, and H2B) alone (lambda HHG17) or core together with H1 histone genes (lambda HHG415) have been assigned to chromosomes 1, 6, and 12. These results suggest that the multigene family of histone coding sequences that reside in a series of clusters may be derived from a single cluster containing one each of the genes for the five principal classes of histone proteins. During the course of evolution, a set of events, probably involving reduplication, sequence modification, and recombination, resulted in the present pattern of human histone gene distribution among several chromosomes.

Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Jul 22. doi: 10.1111/bph.12854. [Epub ahead of print]

Therapeutic perspectives of epigenetically active nutrients.

Remely M¹, Lovrecic L, de la Garza AL, Migliore L, Peterlin B, Milagro FI, Martinez AJ, Haslberger AG.

Tiivistelmä

Many nutrients are known for a wide range of activities in prevention and alleviation of various diseases. Recently, their potential role in epigenetics regulating human health has become evident, although specific mechanisms are still unclear. Thus, nutriepigenetics/nutriepigenomics has emerged as a new and promising field in current epigenetics research in the past few years. In particular, polyphenols, as part of the central dynamic interaction between the genome and the environment with specificity at physiological concentrations, are well known to affect mechanisms underlying human health. This review summarizes the effects of dietary compounds on epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression including expression of enzymes and other molecules responsible for drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders, and hormonal dysfunctions.
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