Cancer Lett. 2017 Oct 26;414:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.040. [Epub ahead of print]
The emerging role of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs in cancer biology.
Fan Q1, Yang L1, Zhang X1, Peng X1, Wei S1, Su D2, Zhai Z3, Hua X4, Li H5.Author information
TIIVISTELMÄ Abstract
Viimeaikoina on tieteessä havaittu, että exosomit ovat eräs keino, jolla solujen välinen kommunikaatio toimii ja tästä on virinnyt laajaa kiinnostusta. Pitkän aikaa exosomien osuutta vähäteltiin tutkijapiireissä ja ne arvioitiin sellaisiksi solukomponenteiksi, joilla ei ole mitään funktiota. Mutta siten alettiin vähitellen oivaltaa, että ne ovatkin solujen tärkeä työväline, jolla solut välittävät toisilleen sekä tietoa että materiaalia.
- Exosomes are a new means of intercellular information exchange that have aroused great research interest. Long neglected in research, exosomes were deemed nonfunctional cellular components to be discarded. However, it has been gradually revealed that exosomes are an important tool for the exchange of intercellular information and material.
- Exosomes contain specific repertoires of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs, including microRNA and lncRNA), indicating that a specific RNA sorting mechanism may exist. Correspondingly, intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are produced after fusion with the cell membrane to release exosomes rather than inducing autophagy, which reveals that there may be a specific regulatory mechanism for MVB secretion.
- Cells can trigger cancer-related disorders after the recognition and uptake of circulating exosomal ncRNAs, providing indications for early tumor biopsy and treatment. The use of exosomes as a biological carrier in targeted therapy has been demonstrated. However, there may be a specific, unknown switch for loading drugs. This review focuses on the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release, and uptake. We also review the promotion of tumor development by exosomal ncRNAs including chemotherapy resistance, metastasis and the prospective use of exosomes in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Exosomes; MVBs; Tumor; lncRNA; miRNA, ncRNA
PMID:
29107112
DOI:
10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.040
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