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tisdag 5 september 2017

Koetan katsoa miten borrelian koneisto käyttää isäntäsolua.

 Modulation of Host immunity
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280639883_Modulation_of_host_immunity_by_tick_saliva

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Items: 1 to 20 of 37

1.
Adams PP, Flores Avile C, Popitsch N, Bilusic I, Schroeder R, Lybecker M, Jewett MW.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2017 Jan 25;45(2):775-792. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkw1180. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
2.
Smith AA, Navasa N, Yang X, Wilder CN, Buyuktanir O, Marques A, Anguita J, Pal U.
Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Jul 13;20(1):91-8. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.001. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
3.
Bouquet J, Soloski MJ, Swei A, Cheadle C, Federman S, Billaud JN, Rebman AW, Kabre B, Halpert R, Boorgula M, Aucott JN, Chiu CY.
MBio. 2016 Feb 12;7(1):e00100-16. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00100-16.

Abstract

Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and approximately 10 to 20% of patients report persistent symptoms lasting months to years despite appropriate treatment with antibiotics. To gain insights into the molecular basis of acute Lyme disease and the ensuing development of post-treatment symptoms, we conducted a longitudinal transcriptome study of 29 Lyme disease patients (and 13 matched controls) enrolled at the time of diagnosis and followed for up to 6 months. The differential gene expression signature of Lyme disease following the acute phase of infection persisted for at least 3 weeks and had fewer than 44% differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in common with other infectious or noninfectious syndromes. Early Lyme disease prior to antibiotic therapy was characterized by marked upregulation of Toll-like receptor signaling but lack of activation of the inflammatory T-cell apoptotic and B-cell developmental pathways seen in other acute infectious syndromes. Six months after completion of therapy, Lyme disease patients were found to have 31 to 60% of their pathways in common with three different immune-mediated chronic diseases. No differential gene expression signature was observed between Lyme disease patients with resolved illness to those with persistent symptoms at 6 months post-treatment. The identification of a sustained differential gene expression signature in Lyme disease suggests that a panel of selected human host-based biomarkers may address the need for sensitive clinical diagnostics during the "window period" of infection prior to the appearance of a detectable antibody response and may also inform the development of new therapeutic targets.

IMPORTANCE:

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infection in the United States, and some patients report lingering symptoms lasting months to years despite antibiotic treatment. To better understand the role of the human host response in acute Lyme disease and the development of post-treatment symptoms, we conducted the first longitudinal gene expression (transcriptome) study of patients enrolled at the time of diagnosis and followed up for up to 6 months after treatment. Importantly, we found that the gene expression signature of early Lyme disease is distinct from that of other acute infectious diseases and persists for at least 3 weeks following infection. This study also uncovered multiple previously undescribed pathways and genes that may be useful in the future as human host biomarkers for diagnosis and that constitute potential targets for the development of new therapies.
Free PMC Article
4.
Fazzino L, Tilly K, Dulebohn DP, Rosa PA.
Infect Immun. 2015 Dec;83(12):4800-10. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00925-15. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
5.
Drecktrah D, Lybecker M, Popitsch N, Rescheneder P, Hall LS, Samuels DS.
PLoS Pathog. 2015 Sep 15;11(9):e1005160. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005160. eCollection 2015 Sep. Erratum in: PLoS Pathog. 2015 Oct;11(10):e1005242.
6.
Martin CL, Sukarna TY, Akther S, Ramrattan G, Pagan P, Di L, Mongodin EF, Fraser CM, Schutzer SE, Luft BJ, Casjens SR, Qiu WG.
MBio. 2015 Apr 14;6(2). pii: e00011-15. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00011-15. Erratum in: MBio. 2015;6(4):e00999. Martin, Che I [Corrected to Martin, Che L].
7.
Iyer R, Caimano MJ, Luthra A, Axline D Jr, Corona A, Iacobas DA, Radolf JD, Schwartz I.
Mol Microbiol. 2015 Feb;95(3):509-38. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12882. Epub 2014 Dec 30.
8.
Lieskovská J, Páleníková J, Širmarová J, Elsterová J, Kotsyfakis M, Campos Chagas A, Calvo E, Růžek D, Kopecký J.
Parasite Immunol. 2015 Feb;37(2):70-8. doi: 10.1111/pim.12162.
9.
Narasimhan S, Rajeevan N, Liu L, Zhao YO, Heisig J, Pan J, Eppler-Epstein R, Deponte K, Fish D, Fikrig E.
Cell Host Microbe. 2014 Jan 15;15(1):58-71. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.12.001.
10.
Wang P, Dadhwal P, Cheng Z, Zianni MR, Rikihisa Y, Liang FT, Li X.
Mol Microbiol. 2013 Sep;89(6):1140-53. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12337. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
11.
Schramm F, Kern A, Barthel C, Nadaud S, Meyer N, Jaulhac B, Boulanger N.
PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e40046. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040046. Epub 2012 Jun 29.
12.
Lieskovska J, Kopecky J.
Parasite Immunol. 2012 Aug-Sep;34(8-9):421-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01375.x.
13.
Lieskovská J, Kopecký J.
Parasite Immunol. 2012 Jan;34(1):32-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01345.x.

Abstract

Dendritic cells are a sentinel in defending against pathogens and tick saliva facilitates transmission of tick-borne pathogens by modulating the host immune response. The maturation of dendritic cells is inhibited by tick saliva. To elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition, we tested the impact of Ixodes ricinus tick saliva on signalling pathways activated by Toll-like receptor (TLR-2) ligand and Borrelia afzelii in spleen dendritic cells. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways was decreased by tick saliva upon both TLR-2 and Borrelia stimulation. Among the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), the activation of extracellular matrix-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) was suppressed by tick saliva, but not p38. In response to spirochaetes, the amount of TNF-α decreased in the presence of tick saliva which was mediated by selective suppression of Erk1/2, NF-κB and Akt as tick saliva mimicked the effect of their specific inhibitors, UO126, IKK-IV and LY294002, respectively. Saliva-induced enhancement of IL-10 was not observed in the presence of specific inhibitor of Protein Kinase A (PKA), H-89, suggesting the involvement of PKA pathway in IL-10 production. Our cumulative data show that tick saliva interferes with several signalling pathways, thus modulating the immune functions of dendritic cells.
PMID:
22709526
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01375.x
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
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Free Article
14.
Sahay B, Singh A, Gnanamani A, Patsey RL, Blalock JE, Sellati TJ.
Am J Pathol. 2011 Feb;178(2):724-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.025.
15.
Zhang X, Yang X, Kumar M, Pal U.
J Infect Dis. 2009 Oct 15;200(8):1318-30. doi: 10.1086/605846.
16.
17.
Srivastava SY, de Silva AM.
J Bacteriol. 2008 May;190(10):3429-33. doi: 10.1128/JB.00085-08. Epub 2008 Mar 21.
18.
Cruz AR, Moore MW, La Vake CJ, Eggers CH, Salazar JC, Radolf JD.
Infect Immun. 2008 Jan;76(1):56-70. Epub 2007 Oct 15.
20.
Behera AK, Hildebrand E, Szafranski J, Hung HH, Grodzinsky AJ, Lafyatis R, Koch AE, Kalish R, Perides G, Steere AC, Hu LT.
Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Oct;54(10):3319-29.

rRNA transkriptio borreliabakteerissa

BMC Microbiol. 2011 Jan 20;11:17. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-17.
 
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Patterns and regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription in Borrelia burgdorferi.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Borrelia burgdorferi contains one 16S and two tandem sets of 23S-5S ribosomal (r) RNA genes whose patterns of transcription and regulation are unknown but are likely to be critical for survival and persistence in its hosts.

RESULTS:

RT-PCR of B. burgdorferi N40 and B31 revealed three rRNA region transcripts: 16S rRNA-alanine transfer RNA (tRNA Ala); tRNA Ile; and both sets of 23S-5S rRNA. At 34°C, there were no differences in growth rate or in accumulation of total protein, DNA and RNA in B31 cultured in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK)-H whether rabbit serum was present or not. At 23°C, B31 grew more slowly in serum-containing BSK-H than at 34°C. DNA per cell was higher in cells in exponential as compared to stationary phase at either temperature; protein per cell was similar at both temperatures in both phases. Similar amounts of rRNA were produced in exponential phase at both temperatures, and rRNA was down-regulated in stationary phase at either temperature. Interestingly, a rel Bbu deletion mutant unable to generate (p)ppGpp did not down-regulate rRNA at transition to stationary phase in serum-containing BSK-H at 34°C, similar to the relaxed phenotype of E. coli relA mutants.

CONCLUSIONS:

We conclude that rRNA transcription in B. burgdorferi is complex and regulated both by growth phase and by the stringent response but not by temperature-modulated growth rate.
PMID:
21251259
PMCID:
PMC3037291
DOI:
10.1186/1471-2180-11-17

Nukleolus tuottaa ribosomeja ja on "Organelle of Chief"

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27528756

Biochem Soc Trans. 2016 Aug 15;44(4):1086-90. doi: 10.1042/BST20160106.

The importance of ribosome production, and the 5S RNP-MDM2 pathway, in health and disease.

Abstract

Ribosomes are abundant, large RNA-protein complexes that are the source of all protein synthesis in the cell. The production of ribosomes is an extremely energetically expensive cellular process that has long been linked to human health and disease. More recently, it has been shown that ribosome biogenesis is intimately linked to multiple cellular signalling pathways and that defects in ribosome production can lead to a wide variety of human diseases. Furthermore, changes in ribosome production in response to nutrient levels in the diet lead to metabolic re-programming of the liver. Reduced or abnormal ribosome production in response to cellular stress or mutations in genes encoding factors critical for ribosome biogenesis causes the activation of the tumour suppressor p53, which leads to re-programming of cellular transcription. The ribosomal assembly intermediate 5S RNP (ribonucleoprotein particle), containing RPL5, RPL11 and the 5S rRNA, accumulates when ribosome biogenesis is blocked. The excess 5S RNP binds to murine double minute 2 (MDM2), the main p53-suppressor in the cell, inhibiting its function and leading to p53 activation. Here, we discuss the involvement of ribosome biogenesis in the homoeostasis of p53 in the cell and in human health and disease.

KEYWORDS:

5S RNP; MDM2; nucleolus; p53; ribosomal protein; ribosome
PMID:
27528756
PMCID:
PMC4984446
DOI:
10.1042/BST20160106
[Indexed for MEDLINE]
Free PMC Article
 Ribosome biogenesis and p53 signalling
(A) Schematic representation of ribosome biogenesis and the link between the 5S RNP and MDM2. Three of the rRNAs (18S, 5.8S and 28S) are transcribed by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) in the nucleolus, whereas the 5S rRNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) in the nucleoplasm. The mature (18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S) rRNAs and the precursor rRNAs (47S, 21S, 18SE, 32S and 7S) are indicated. The LSU ribosome biogenesis factors PAK1IP1 and PICT1 are shown. (B) Illustration of the 5S RNP interaction with MDM2 and the regulation of p53 signalling in both unstressed and stressed cells; Ub: ubiquitin.
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